4. Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is a condition that often occurs as a result of low sodium levels in the blood. This condition makes the body retain too much water beyond healthy levels resulting in dilution of sodium in the blood. When the sodium concentration in the blood is below 135mmol/l, a person is said to suffer from hyponatremia or low blood sodium levels. It becomes a severe case of hyponatremia when the sodium concentration drops below 120mmol/l. involuntary contraction of the muscles (muscle spasm) is one of the common signs of this condition.
Other symptoms include cramps, nausea, seizures, headaches, confusion, and even coma. There are several known causes of hyponatremia that include sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome, adrenal deficiency, and multiple myeloma among others. Treating these symptoms involves correcting the underlying cause of hyponatremia. Mild cases of hyponatremia may resolve within days or weeks, while severe cases would require medical attention.